{"rules":[{"id":"26e5f653-823f-4c5b-86e4-6fcd80c0a343","scope":"es","category":"inclusive_language","title":"Sin “ilegal” para personas","instruction":"Nunca describa a una persona como ilegal. Use “persona indocumentada” o “persona sin estatus migratorio”. Mencione el estatus migratorio solo cuando sea relevante para el servicio.","avoid":["inmigrante ilegal","inmigrantes ilegales","extranjero ilegal","los ilegales"],"use":["inmigrante indocumentado","inmigrantes indocumentados","persona sin estatus migratorio","las personas indocumentadas"],"enforcement":"blocking","appliedCount":2,"createdAt":"2026-09-10T21:05:28.723Z"},{"id":"34ff5abd-3d3a-4f5c-8689-c74b93a03a0b","scope":"global","category":"inclusive_language","title":"Disability described neutrally","instruction":"State a condition plainly and only when relevant. Avoid pity or heroism framing (“suffers from”, “afflicted with”, “wheelchair-bound”, “special needs”). Say “has”, “uses a wheelchair”, or name the specific accommodation. Respect identity-first wording where a community prefers it (Deaf, autistic).","avoid":["suffers from","afflicted with","wheelchair-bound","confined to a wheelchair","special needs"],"use":["has","has","uses a wheelchair","uses a wheelchair","disability-related needs"],"enforcement":"advisory","appliedCount":0,"createdAt":"2026-09-10T21:05:28.219Z"},{"id":"15dcb79e-7d9b-4fea-a6a3-348062ff8795","scope":"global","category":"inclusive_language","title":"Gender-neutral by default","instruction":"Use gender-neutral wording for roles and hypothetical people. Use “they” when gender is unknown; avoid “he or she” and gendered job titles. Avoid binary greetings such as “ladies and gentlemen”.","avoid":["he or she","he/she","chairman","policeman","fireman","mankind","ladies and gentlemen"],"use":["they","they","chair","police officer","firefighter","people","everyone"],"enforcement":"advisory","appliedCount":0,"createdAt":"2026-09-10T21:05:28.346Z"},{"id":"bc735fee-7462-479b-a34f-0933fe66457f","scope":"global","category":"inclusive_language","title":"Residents, not citizens","instruction":"City services serve everyone who lives here regardless of citizenship. Address readers as “residents”, “the public”, or “you”. Use “citizens” only when citizenship is a legal requirement of the program (for example, voting eligibility).","avoid":["all citizens","San Francisco citizens"],"use":["all residents","San Francisco residents"],"enforcement":"advisory","appliedCount":0,"createdAt":"2026-09-10T21:05:28.472Z"},{"id":"368485e0-fcf9-4bfc-a782-3e567864ab81","scope":"global","category":"inclusive_language","title":"Mental health and substance use without stigma","instruction":"Use person-first, clinical wording. Avoid slang and moralising terms for mental health, substance use, or incarceration. Say “died by suicide”, never “committed suicide”.","avoid":["addict","drug abuser","committed suicide","ex-con","inmate"],"use":["person with a substance use disorder","person who uses drugs","died by suicide","person who was formerly incarcerated","person who is incarcerated"],"enforcement":"advisory","appliedCount":0,"createdAt":"2026-09-10T21:05:28.601Z"},{"id":"d981ee6c-6fdb-4d21-bf2d-a2069261c4a4","scope":"global","category":"inclusive_language","title":"People, not labels","instruction":"Refer to people first, not to a condition or circumstance. Avoid collective nouns that turn a trait into an identity (“the disabled”, “the homeless”, “the elderly”). Homelessness is something a person experiences, not who they are.","avoid":["the disabled","the handicapped","the homeless","the elderly","the mentally ill"],"use":["people with disabilities","people with disabilities","people experiencing homelessness","older adults","people with mental health conditions"],"enforcement":"advisory","appliedCount":1,"createdAt":"2026-09-10T21:05:28.089Z"},{"id":"fb630538-0845-4db4-be6e-efa330ab0516","scope":"es","category":"inclusive_language","title":"Personas, no etiquetas","instruction":"Anteponga la persona a la condición. Evite sustantivos colectivos que convierten una circunstancia en identidad (“los discapacitados”, “los ancianos”, “los indigentes”).","avoid":["los discapacitados","los minusválidos","los ancianos","los indigentes","los sin techo"],"use":["las personas con discapacidad","las personas con discapacidad","las personas mayores","las personas sin hogar","las personas sin hogar"],"enforcement":"advisory","appliedCount":0,"createdAt":"2026-09-10T21:05:28.850Z"},{"id":"4b3778e9-3e75-4d9a-a18d-91955be3b07c","scope":"es","category":"tone","title":"Registro formal: “usted”","instruction":"Los avisos de la Ciudad se dirigen al lector con “usted” (nunca “tú”), en un tono respetuoso, directo y cálido. Evite el lenguaje burocrático y las frases largas.","avoid":["tú puedes","tu solicitud","tus documentos"],"use":["usted puede","su solicitud","sus documentos"],"enforcement":"advisory","appliedCount":0,"createdAt":"2026-09-10T21:05:28.980Z"},{"id":"e8e17311-e307-4ec1-8279-bd54f0aa1050","scope":"global","category":"tone","title":"Plain language for vital information","instruction":"Vital information under the Language Access Ordinance must be understood the first time it is read: short sentences, common words, one idea per sentence, active voice, and second person (“you”). Where the source is legal or technical, keep the meaning but favour the plain-language reading.","avoid":[],"use":[],"enforcement":"advisory","appliedCount":0,"createdAt":"2026-09-10T21:05:29.105Z"},{"id":"c5cfae9e-6a29-40ae-b9d1-3eb987daa4a2","scope":"global","category":"tone","title":"Formal, respectful, human","instruction":"Government notices use a formal register (e.g. “usted” in Spanish, polite forms in Chinese and Filipino) while staying direct and warm. No slang, idioms, humour, or exclamation marks. Never condescend; explain rather than instruct when a term is unavoidable.","avoid":[],"use":[],"enforcement":"advisory","appliedCount":0,"createdAt":"2026-09-10T21:05:29.233Z"},{"id":"333bb2e6-4775-4542-8e8e-3105496cc765","scope":"global","category":"tone","title":"Positive, direct instructions","instruction":"Tell readers what to do rather than what not to do. Prefer subject–verb–object order, avoid double negatives, and repeat the subject or verb when a sentence has several — clarity beats brevity in translation.","avoid":["don't forget to","it is not impossible","failure to"],"use":["remember to","it is possible","if you do not"],"enforcement":"advisory","appliedCount":0,"createdAt":"2026-09-10T21:05:29.356Z"},{"id":"4811b2f8-e900-42fe-bd02-bff4f0bf4d28","scope":"global","category":"terminology","title":"One term per concept","instruction":"Use established City department and program names consistently and do not alternate synonyms for the same concept within a document. Untranslatable proper nouns (street addresses, “City Hall, 1 Dr. Carlton B. Goodlett Place”) stay in English.","avoid":[],"use":[],"enforcement":"advisory","appliedCount":0,"createdAt":"2026-09-10T21:05:29.485Z"},{"id":"9dbd2db6-a4cc-41bb-9ecd-a2c4807eace1","scope":"global","category":"terminology","title":"“Limited English proficiency”, as defined in Chapter 91","instruction":"Use “people with limited English proficiency (LEP)” as defined in Administrative Code Chapter 91. Do not describe residents as “non-English speakers” or “foreigners”.","avoid":["non-English speakers","non-english speaking","foreigners"],"use":["people with limited English proficiency","with limited English proficiency","immigrant residents"],"enforcement":"advisory","appliedCount":0,"createdAt":"2026-09-10T21:05:29.617Z"},{"id":"0b71217d-fb46-425e-8095-4c84ca72751a","scope":"global","category":"terminology","title":"Spell out abbreviations","instruction":"Expand acronyms on first use (OCEIA → Office of Civic Engagement and Immigrant Affairs) and avoid Latin abbreviations, which do not translate cleanly.","avoid":["e.g.","i.e."],"use":["for example","that is"],"enforcement":"advisory","appliedCount":0,"createdAt":"2026-09-10T21:05:29.744Z"},{"id":"57f92520-62a0-496c-b964-9219eb8fdc72","scope":"global","category":"formatting","title":"Numbers, dates, contacts unchanged","instruction":"Every number, date, time, phone number, URL, email address, and street address must match the source exactly. Localise date and number formatting to the target-language convention, but never alter the value.","avoid":[],"use":[],"enforcement":"blocking","appliedCount":0,"createdAt":"2026-09-10T21:05:29.870Z"},{"id":"2b2dd701-1ab8-4005-a875-615000ce25a3","scope":"global","category":"formatting","title":"Currency and units explicit","instruction":"Make currency unambiguous (“$25 (US dollars)” or “USD 25”) and spell out units of measure rather than abbreviating them.","avoid":[],"use":[],"enforcement":"advisory","appliedCount":0,"createdAt":"2026-09-10T21:05:29.998Z"},{"id":"b2ae08af-8e0f-45d2-94cb-2b55ad95c127","scope":"global","category":"formatting","title":"Preserve structure and emphasis","instruction":"Keep headings, list items, bold emphasis, and paragraph breaks aligned with the source so translated documents can be compared page-for-page. Do not merge or split list items.","avoid":[],"use":[],"enforcement":"advisory","appliedCount":0,"createdAt":"2026-09-10T21:05:30.131Z"},{"id":"863319cc-c4c3-4ef7-a43c-d6c5f15d9609","scope":"global","category":"tone","title":"No directional language","instruction":"Do not tell the reader to look left, right, above, or in a sidebar. Layout changes on mobile and is invisible to a screen reader. Name the control or list the options instead (“Select from these options”).","avoid":["click the button on the right","see the left sidebar","the box above","the panel on the right"],"use":["select from these options","open Documents","the previous section","Documents"],"enforcement":"advisory","appliedCount":0,"createdAt":"2026-09-10T23:06:57.930Z"},{"id":"3e0c512e-b0ae-40d4-9bbb-654556de09c1","scope":"global","category":"formatting","title":"Headings stay nested and consecutive","instruction":"Keep heading levels nested and consecutive. Do not skip a level for styling. The document title is the first heading; sections follow in order so a screen-reader outline matches the page.","avoid":[],"use":[],"enforcement":"advisory","appliedCount":0,"createdAt":"2026-09-10T23:06:58.052Z"},{"id":"1cd2c34d-6af2-4fe6-b290-db819f7aa8c3","scope":"global","category":"terminology","title":"Descriptive links, never “click here”","instruction":"A link must describe its destination or action. Do not use “click here”, “here”, or “learn more” as the only link text.","avoid":["click here","click here.","learn more"],"use":["read the heat-safety guidance","read the heat-safety guidance.","read the language access report"],"enforcement":"advisory","appliedCount":0,"createdAt":"2026-09-10T23:06:58.187Z"},{"id":"d4db9674-bf1e-4cd5-a139-b9fccca03e5a","scope":"global","category":"tone","title":"Images are not the only message","instruction":"Do not rely on an image, icon, or color alone to carry meaning. If the source uses a figure, keep the caption or a short text equivalent so the message survives when images do not load.","avoid":[],"use":[],"enforcement":"advisory","appliedCount":0,"createdAt":"2026-09-10T23:06:58.318Z"},{"id":"e81418c4-d261-47f8-a859-8bd9bbdbdf3a","scope":"global","category":"formatting","title":"Spell out one through nine; use figures from 10","instruction":"In running text, spell out whole numbers one through nine and use figures for 10 and above, except where a figure is required for consistency in a list, a percentage, an address, or a unit of measure.","avoid":[],"use":[],"enforcement":"advisory","appliedCount":0,"createdAt":"2026-09-10T23:06:58.439Z"},{"id":"21607f69-60e8-4f62-b911-a7a965e5fbd9","scope":"global","category":"formatting","title":"Percentages use figures","instruction":"Write percentages as a figure plus the word “percent” in running text (5 percent), or the percent sign in tables. Do not spell out the number.","avoid":["five percent","ten percent"],"use":["5 percent","10 percent"],"enforcement":"advisory","appliedCount":0,"createdAt":"2026-09-10T23:06:58.576Z"},{"id":"8886067e-3743-4a36-a7a1-0622dd42c98f","scope":"global","category":"terminology","title":"Formal titles only when they precede a name","instruction":"Capitalize a formal title when it immediately precedes a person’s name; lowercase it when it follows the name or stands alone (“Mayor London Breed”; “London Breed, the mayor”).","avoid":["the Mayor said","the Director announced"],"use":["the mayor said","the director announced"],"enforcement":"advisory","appliedCount":0,"createdAt":"2026-09-10T23:06:58.702Z"},{"id":"35516bec-abd5-4a24-a139-4ca9b7b90e08","scope":"global","category":"formatting","title":"Months and dates in news style","instruction":"Spell out months when they stand alone or with a year only. Abbreviate Jan., Feb., Aug., Sept., Oct., Nov., and Dec. when used with a specific date. Do not use ordinal suffixes (15, not 15th).","avoid":["September 15th","Sept 15th"],"use":["Sept. 15","Sept. 15"],"enforcement":"advisory","appliedCount":0,"createdAt":"2026-09-10T23:06:58.826Z"},{"id":"4e87b10d-21b7-457e-ae45-eb65a547aa52","scope":"global","category":"tone","title":"Say “said”, not “stated” or “claimed”","instruction":"Attribute speech with “said”. Avoid loaded verbs (“claimed”, “admitted”, “insisted”) unless the source uses them and the meaning depends on them.","avoid":["claimed that","stated that","insisted that"],"use":["said that","said that","said that"],"enforcement":"advisory","appliedCount":0,"createdAt":"2026-09-10T23:06:58.954Z"},{"id":"59609d0e-3764-4fb9-a22b-f0b2db509b16","scope":"es","category":"terminology","title":"Prefer “Calor extremo y salud en los CDC: www.cdc.gov/ex”","instruction":"When translating “CDC Extreme Heat and Health: www.cdc.gov/extreme-heat/about/index.html”, use “Calor extremo y salud en los CDC: www.cdc.gov/extreme-heat/about/index.html”.","avoid":["CDC Extreme Heat and Health: www.cdc.gov/extreme-heat/about/index.html"],"use":["Calor extremo y salud en los CDC: www.cdc.gov/extreme-heat/about/index.html"],"enforcement":"advisory","appliedCount":0,"createdAt":"2026-09-10T23:18:27.085Z"},{"id":"1b6467f3-1c92-4dd7-ac80-9e7cbb35c3bd","scope":"global","category":"inclusive_language","title":"Never call a person “illegal”","instruction":"Actions can be unlawful; people are not. Describe immigration status neutrally and only when it is relevant to eligibility for the service. Prefer “undocumented immigrant” or “noncitizen” (USCIS 2021 guidance).","avoid":["illegal alien","illegal immigrant","illegals","undocumented alien"],"use":["undocumented immigrant","undocumented immigrant","undocumented immigrants","undocumented noncitizen"],"enforcement":"blocking","appliedCount":1,"createdAt":"2026-09-10T21:05:27.963Z"}]}